Emilian–Romagnol

Emilian–Romagnol
Emilian–Romagnol
Native to	Italy, San Marino
Region	Primarily Emilia-Romagna, Marche, San Marino
Native speakers	Unknown (4.4 million population): Sole or prevalent language of 10.5%; Used alongside Italian by 28.3% (2006);
Language family	Indo-European Italic Latino-Faliscan Romance Italo-Western Western Romance Gallo-Italic Emilian–Romagnol; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Dialects	Emilian; Romagnol;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	(code eml deprecated in 2009); Individual codes:; egl – Emilian; rgn – Romagnol
Glottolog	emil1243 Emiliano-Romagnolo
Linguasphere	51-AAA-ok
	Emilian Romagnol transition between Emilian and Lombard
	This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Emilian-Romagnol (Italian: emiliano-romagnolo) is a linguistic continuum that is part of the Gallo-Italic languages spoken in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna.^[3] It is divided into two main varieties, Emilian and Romagnol.

Description

As part of the Gallo-Italic languages, Emilian-Romagnol is most closely related to the Lombard, Piedmontese and Ligurian languages, all of which are spoken in neighboring regions.

Among other Gallo-Italic languages, Emilian-Romagnol is characterized by systematic raising and diphthongization of Latin stressed vowels in open syllables, as well as widespread syncope of unstressed vowels other than /a/ and use of vowel gradation in the formation of plurals and certain verb tenses.^[3]

Classification

While first registered under a single code in ISO standard 639-3, in 2009 this was retired in favour of two distinct codes for the two varieties, due to the cultural and literary split between the two parts of the region, making Emilian and Romagnol distinct ethnolinguistic entities.^[4] Since 2015, Emilian and Romagnol are considered, with separated entries, definitely endangered languages according to the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.^[5]^[6]

Chart of Romance languages based on structural and comparative criteria.

Emilian
- Carrarese dialect
- Lunigianese dialect
- Tortonese dialect
- Pavese-Vogherese dialect, Oltrepò dialect
- Placentine dialect, Bobbiese dialect
- Modenese dialect, Carpesan dialect, Mirandolese dialect, Frignanese dialect
- Reggio dialect, Guastallese dialect
- Parmesan dialect
- Casalmaggiore-Viadana dialect
- Mantuan dialect
- Lower Mantuan dialect
- Bolognese dialect
  - Bologna city dialect
  - Mid-mountains dialects
  - Upper mountains dialects
  - Northern plains dialects
  - Eastern plains dialects
  - Western plains dialects
- Ferrara dialect
  - Comacchio dialect

Romagnol
- Ravenna dialect
- Forlì dialect
- Cesena dialect
- Rimini dialect
- Sammarinese dialect
  - north-eastern (Serravallian)
  - south-western
  - south-eastern
Gallo-Picene: classification is disputed. While generally considered close to Romagnol, being part of the Gallo-Italic group, some have suggested a third component of Emilian-Romagnol continuum
- Urbinate dialect
- Montefeltrin dialect
- Pesarese dialect
- Fanese dialect
- Senigallia dialect
- Conero Gallo-Italic dialects
- Upper Tiber transitional dialects

Sample Text

Emilian-Romangol: Tot j essèri umèn i nàs lébri e cumpagn in dignità e dirét. Lou i è dutid ad rasoun e ad cuscinza e i à da operè, ognun ti cunfrunt at ch’j ilt, sa sentimint ad fratelènza.^[7]

English: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.^[8]


Piacentino Dialect^{[citation needed]}	Bolonese Dialect^{[citation needed]}	English^{[citation needed]}
A t' vöi bëin	A t vói bän	I love you
Sì	Sé/ Ói	Yes
No	Nå	No
A t' ringras	A t aringrâz	Thanks
Bon giùran	Bån dé	Good morning
Rvëdas	A se vdrän	Good bye
Me/ Mi	Mé, A	I
E	E	And
Cus al custa/ Quant al custa/ Cus al vegna	Quant véńnel/ Csa cåsstel	How much is it
Cma ta ciamat	Cum t ciâmet?	What's your name
Scüsìm/ Scüsèm	Scuśèm/ Ch'al scûśa bän	Excuse me
Diu	Dìo	God
Lëingua	Längua	Language
Sul	Såul	Sun
Bulogna	Bulåggna	Bologna

References

^ "La lingua italiana, i dialetti e le lingue straniere Anno 2006" (PDF). istat.it. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2018.
^ "639 Identifier Documentation: eml". SIL International.
^ ^a ^b Loporcaro, Michele (2009). Profilo linguistico dei dialetti italiani. Bari: Laterza. pp. 104–108. ISBN 978-88-420-8920-9. OCLC 318631969.
^ "eml | ISO 639-3". iso639-3.sil.org. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
^ "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger". www.unesco.org. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
^ "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger". www.unesco.org. Retrieved 2021-08-21.
^ "UDHR in Romance languages". www.omniglot.com. Retrieved 2023-12-10.
^ "UDHR in Germanic languages". www.omniglot.com. Retrieved 2023-12-10.

This article about Romance languages is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

[1] "La lingua italiana, i dialetti e le lingue straniere Anno 2006" (PDF). istat.it. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2018.

[2] "639 Identifier Documentation: eml". SIL International.

[:0-3] Loporcaro, Michele (2009). Profilo linguistico dei dialetti italiani. Bari: Laterza. pp. 104–108. ISBN 978-88-420-8920-9. OCLC 318631969.

[4] "eml | ISO 639-3". iso639-3.sil.org. Retrieved 2021-08-21.

[5] "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger". www.unesco.org. Retrieved 2021-08-21.

[6] "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger". www.unesco.org. Retrieved 2021-08-21.

[7] "UDHR in Romance languages". www.omniglot.com. Retrieved 2023-12-10.

[8] "UDHR in Germanic languages". www.omniglot.com. Retrieved 2023-12-10.

[9] Venetian is either grouped with the rest of the Italo-Dalmatian or the Gallo-Italic languages, depending on the linguist.

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Description

Classification

Sample Text

See also

References